Comparing Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contrasting Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau - Essay Example One of the key issues associated with the discussion on legitimization of political authority is the harmony between restrictions forced by any political power and individual opportunity. From one perspective, opportunity is outstandingly essential to the life of an individual in numerous faculties. Then again, an individual can not be permitted to act exclusively at their will: there must be sure principles for conduct. Building up this harmony between singular opportunity and interests of the network is the key errand of any state and government which acts like a stabilizer. On the off chance that this equalization is set up, the most elevated level of individual opportunity is accomplished while the danger of falling into all out disorder is kept away from (Popper, 1985). As indicated by Thomas Hobbes, in ancient ignoble occasions before any kind of government rose, there was steady war with â€Å"every man, against each man† (Hobbes, 1668, p.12). Thus, Hobbesian support of power sensibly followed from the all out ruthlessness of people in their normal state portrayed by narrow mindedness: accommodation to power was the best way to dispense with the fierceness and prejudice of the State of Nature (Hobbes, 1668). On the other hand, John Locke accepted that the first condition of man was not as unfriendly as Hobbes suspected. In Locke’s assessment joy, reason and resilience were the center attributes of the common man, and all people, in their unique state, were equivalent and completely allowed to seek after things, considered as undeniable rights, to be specific â€Å"†¦life, wellbeing, freedom and possessions† (Locke, 1990, standard. 6). In any case, Locke’s State of Nature isn't riotous with each individual seeking after its own selfish objectives. Notwithstanding nonattendance of any position or government with the ability to rebuff the subjects for wrong activities, Locke accepted that the State of Nature was viably directed by ethical quality. Since every individual in the

Timeline of Major US Public Land Laws and Acts

Course of events of Major US Public Land Laws and Acts Starting with the Congressional Act of 16 September 1776 and the Land Ordinance of 1785, a wide assortment of Congressional acts represented the dispersion of government land in the thirty open land states. Different acts opened up new domains, built up the act of offering land as remuneration for military help, and stretched out appropriation rights to vagrants. These demonstrations each brought about the principal move of land from the central government to people. This rundown isn't thorough, and does exclude acts that briefly expanded the arrangements of before acts, or private acts that were passed to serve people. Course of events of U.S. Open Land Acts 16 September 1776: This Congressional Act built up rules for allowing terrains of 100 to 500 sections of land, named abundance land, for the individuals who enrolled in the Continental Army to battle in the American Revolution. That Congress make arrangement for giving terrains, in the accompanying extents: to the officials and fighters who will so take part in the administration, and proceed in that to the end of the war, or until released by Congress, and to the agents of such officials and warriors as will be killed by the adversary: To a colonel, 500 sections of land; to a lieutenant colonel, 450; to a significant, 400; to a skipper, 300; to a lieutenant, 200; to an ensign, 150; each non-authorized official and fighter, 100... 20 May 1785: Congress ordered the main law to deal with the Public Lands that came about because of the thirteen recently free states consenting to give up their western land guarantees and permit the land to turn into the joint property of all residents of the new country. The 1785 Ordinance for the open terrains northwest of the Ohio accommodated their review and deal in tracts of no under 640 sections of land. This started the money section framework for government lands. Be it appointed by the United States in Congress amassed, that the domain surrendered by singular States to the United States, which has been bought of the Indian occupants, will be discarded in the accompanying way... 10 May 1800: The Land Act of 1800, otherwise called the Harrison Land Act for its creator William Henry Harrison, diminished the base available unit of land to 320 sections of land, and furthermore presented the choice of credit deals to empower land deals. Land bought under the Harrison Land Act of 1820 could be payed for in four assigned installments over a time of four years. The administration eventually wound up ousting a large number of people who couldn't make the reimbursement of their advances inside the set time, and a portion of this land wound up being exchanged by the government a few times before defaults were revoked by the Land Act of 1820. A demonstration accommodating the offer of the place where there is the United States, in the domain north-west of the Ohio, or more the mouth of the Kentucky waterway. 3 March 1801: Passage of the 1801 Act was the first of numerous laws passed by Congress giving seizure or inclination rights to pilgrims in the Northwest Territory who had bought lands from John Cleves Symmes, an appointed authority of the Territory whose own cases to the grounds had been invalidated. An Act giving a privilege of pre-emption to specific people to specific people who have contracted with John Cleves Symmes, or his partners, for lands lying between the Miami streams, in the domain of the United States northwest of the Ohio. 3 March 1807: Congress passed a law allowing appropriation rights to specific pioneers in Michigan Territory, where various awards had been made under both earlier French and British principle. ...to each individual or people in real belonging, inhabitance, and improvement, of any tract or package of land in his, her, or their own right, at the hour of the death of this demonstration, inside that piece of the Territory of Michigan, to which the Indian title has been quenched, and which said tract or bundle of land was settled, involved, and improved, by him, her, or them, before and on the principal day of July, one thousand 700 and ninety six...the said tract or package of land along these lines had, involved, and improved, will be without a doubt, and such tenant or inhabitants will be affirmed in the title to the equivalent, as a home of legacy, in charge basic... 3 March 1807: The Intrusion Act of 1807 endeavored to debilitate vagrants, or settlements being made on lands surrendered to the United States, until approved by law. The demonstration additionally approved the legislature to persuasively expel vagrants from exclusive land if the proprietors requested of the administration. Existing vagrants on abandoned land were permitted to guarantee as occupants of will up to 320 sections of land on the off chance that they enlisted with the neighborhood land office before the finish of 1807. They additionally consented to give calm belonging or desert the land when the administration discarded it to other people. That any individual or people who, before the death of this demonstration, had claimed, involved, or made a settlement on any grounds surrendered or made sure about to the United States...and who at the hour of passing this demonstration does or do really occupy and live on such terrains, may, whenever preceding the main day of January next, apply to the best possible register or recorder...such candidate or candidates to remin on such tract or tracts of land, not surpassing 300 and twenty sections of land for every candidate, as occupants voluntarily, on such standing and conditions as will forestall any waste or harms on such terrains... 5 February 1813: The Illinois Preemption Act of 5 February 1813 allowed acquisition rights to every single genuine pioneer in Illinois. This was the main law established by Congress which passed on cover appropriation rights to all vagrants in a speciï ¬ ed locale and not just to specific classifications of inquirers, making the uncommon stride of conflicting with the proposal of the House Committee on Public Lands, which unequivocally contradicted giving cover seizure rights in light of the fact that doing so would support future squatting.1 That each individual, or lawful delegate of each individual, who has really occupied and developed a tract of land lying in both of the locale built up for the offer of open terrains, in the Illinois domain, which tract isn't legitimately guaranteed by some other individual and who will not have expelled from said an area; each such individual and his lawful agents will be qualified for an inclination in turning into the buyer from the United States of such tract of land at private deal... 24 April 1820: The Land Act of 1820, likewise alluded to as the 1820 Sale Act, discounted the cost of government land (at the time this applied to land in the Northwest Territory and Missouri Territory) to $1.25 section of land, with a base acquisition of 80 sections of land and an initial installment of just $100. Further, the demonstration gave vagrants the option to appropriate these conditions and buy the land much more economically on the off chance that they had made enhancements to the land, for example, the structure of homes, fences, or plants. This demonstration dispensed with the act of credit deals, or the acquisition of open land in the United States using a loan. That from and after the main day of July next [1820] , all the open terrains of the United States, the offer of which is, or might be approved by law, will when offered at open deal, to the most elevated bidder, be offered down the middle quarter segments [80 acres] ; and when offered at private deal, might be bought, at the alternative of the buyer, either in whole segments [640 acres] , half segments [320 acres] , quarter segments [160 acres] , or half quarter segments [80 acres] ... 4 September 1841: Following a few early appropriation acts, a lasting acquisition law became effective with the entry of the Preemption Act of 1841. This enactment (see Sections 9â€10) allowed a person to settle and develop up to 160 sections of land of land and to then buy that land inside a predefined time after either study or settlement at $1.25 per section of land. This seizure demonstration was revoked in 1891. Also, be it further instituted, That from and after the section of this demonstration, each individual being the leader of a family, or widow, or single man, beyond twenty one a years old, and being a resident of the United States, or having documented his announcement of aim to turn into a resident as required by the naturalization laws, who since the primary day of June A.D. eighteen hundred and forty, has made or will in the future make a settlement face to face on the open lands...is thus, approved to enter with the register of the land office for the area in which such land may lie, by legitimate developments, any number of sections of land not surpassing one hundred and sixty, or a quarter segment of land, to incorporate the habitation of such inquirer, after paying to the United States the base cost of such land... 27 September 1850: The Donation Land Claim Act of 1850, likewise called the Donation Land Act, if free land to all white or blended blood Native American pioneers who showed up in Oregon Territory (the present-day conditions of Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and part of Wyoming) before December 1, 1855, in light of four years of home and development of the land. The law, which conceded 320 sections of land to unmarried male residents eighteen or more seasoned, and 640 sections of land to wedded couples, split similarly between them, was one of the primary that permitted wedded ladies in the United States to hold land under their own name. That there will be, and therefore is, allowed to each white pioneer or inhabitant of the open terrains, American crossbreed Indians notwithstanding, over the age of eighteen years, being a resident of the United States....the amount of one half segment, or 300 and twenty sections of land of land, if a solitary man, and if a wedded man, or on the off chance that he will get hitched inside one year from the principal day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty,

Profile of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

Profile of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Social Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis Print Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale is used to measure symptoms of SAD. Getty / Tetra Images The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a 24-item, self-rated scale used to assess how social anxiety plays a role in your life across a variety of situations. The LSAS was developed by psychiatrist and researcher Dr. Michael R. Liebowitz. The scale might be used in research studies to determine the level of social anxiety experienced by participants, in clinical settings to assess a particular patients symptoms, or by the general public who are concerned that what they are experiencing might be the sign of a disorder. How the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Is Administered The LSAS assessed both your social anxiety in situations as well as your avoidance of those situations. In this way, each item on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale describes a situation about which you must answer two questions as follows. Anxiety questions (how anxious or fearful you feel) 0 none 1 mild 2 moderate 3 severe Avoidance questions (how often you avoid the situation) 0 never 1 occasionally 2 often 3 severe If a question describes a situation that you do not ordinarily experience, you are asked to imagine how you would respond if faced with the situation. All questions are answered based on how the situations have affected you in the past week. Below are some sample situations from the questionnaire: Using a telephone in publicParticipating in a small group activityEating in public This is just a short list, and the LSAS covers many other types of situations that are known to commonly trigger social anxiety performance anxiety and concerns. Information Provided by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale The LSAS is scored by summing the item ratings. Below are the suggested interpretations for various score ranges. As with any self-report instrument, scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale need to be interpreted by a qualified mental health professional and followed up with a full diagnostic interview for social anxiety disorder (SAD) when warranted. 55-65 Moderate social phobia65-80 Marked social phobia80-95 Severe social phobiaGreater than 95 - Very severe social phobia Accuracy Studies have shown the LSAS to be an effective and cost-efficient way to identify people with problems with social anxiety. However, a single instrument cant be used to make a diagnosis. A clinical diagnosis of SAD can only be made based on an interview conducted by a trained mental health professional such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or social worker. How to Take the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Yourself Did you know that the LSAS is freely available for you to complete online if you wish? If you complete the test and find the results concerning, be sure to check with your doctor about what they might mean. While a test such as the LSAS can be informative, its only in the context of a larger assessment that the cause of your symptoms can be determined and a course of action planned. Understanding the Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder A Word From Verywell If you are concerned that you may be living with symptoms of anxiety or avoidance, its best to make an appointment with your doctor to discuss the next steps. If this feels hard to do, consider making an appointment for general mental health concerns, and then when you meet with your doctor, bring along a copy of the LSAS as well as a written statement of what you have been experiencing. Know that you are not alone in the way that you are feeling, and that your doctor can either conduct an assessment or refer you to a mental health professional who can provide a diagnosis and treatment options such as medication or talk therapy.

John Stewarat Mills On Liberty and the Subjection of...

John Stewarat Mills On Liberty and the Subjection of Women Born in 1806, John Stewart Mill was an English philosopher who highly prized the Utilitarian belief system, or the doctrine of seeking the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. Among his various political treatises, On Liberty and The Subjection of Women are excellent applications of his convictions in individualism and negative government. Though the subjects of each work differ to an extent, both are written in a dialogue format, and the general principles postulated in On Liberty can be easily applied to the second work. Essentially, Mill seeks to assert the importance of certain personal rights and freedoms, moral beliefs, and the integrity of the†¦show more content†¦Mill counters with a social metaphor explaining the natural processes by which unqualified candidates are excluded from certain positions - no one demands that blacksmiths meet certain physical criteria, for the ones who are best suited for the job will naturally come out on top. He sta tes, â€Å"If the political system of the country is such as to exclude unfit men, it will equally exclude unfit women† (56). It is not the government’s role to tell women that they would be â€Å"best served† by keeping in the home; it should be the woman’s choice, and thereafter we must let the chips fall where they may. A second doctrine that Mill values highly in On Liberty is what he refers to as an â€Å"experiment in living†, or an extension on the importance placed on freedom of opinion. â€Å"There should be different experiments in living†¦so that free scope be given to varieties of character, short of injury to others† (54). Mill encourages a person to live in such a way as to engage in â€Å"out-of-the-box† activities, and â€Å"to use and interpret experience in his own way† (55). Essentially, mankind has much to gain by being open-minded, and much to lose by being stubborn. The comparison of the subjection of women to slavery is similar to his examination of the Church in On Liberty. Just as masters demand unquestioning obedience from slaves, so too does the Church downplay individual thought, and stress absolute, mindless submission of Christians to Church doctrine. â€Å"As soon as

The Cost Of College Tuition - 1253 Words

There are many students cannot go to college because of the cost of college tuition. Some students work hard at the fast food places, restaurant to pay off their tuition. The government of the United State gives the opportunities for the young Americans that if they participate in national service to the country, they will be able to exchange for free colleges or technical school tuition. The government also gives students many options such as working at an urban library for library major; working in a homeless shelter for social work major; working in the juvenile justice system or prisons for criminal justice majors; working in hospitals for pre-med students and nursing majors. Young Americans should participate in national services in†¦show more content†¦Students who want to attend in this program, they must complete at least 8 hours of community services by August 1, 2015 (Ung, 15). There is many students excited about this program and they want to join because of the p romise that the college tuition will be cover and also students want to gain their experiences and be prepare for their college. There are also many program such as Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and Dream Act for non-resident students that helps college’s tuition and encourage to participate in national service (Ung, 35). The second reason is that participate in national services help the young students develop the skills and improve the communication in social life. For example, there is a student that only go to school and doesn’t participate on any community services and national services then after they graduate from college and start to work at field environment, that student is lack of skills and have no experiences at all. It is going to be hard for he/she to find a job. Moreover, student will having hard time at first to get use to the flow of the pressure. This student will fall behind students that participate in community services before and they know what they’ve been doing. This lead to failure for student doesn’t participate in national services. The nation service is a really good trade for students that can’t afford college or higher education as medication school, veterinaryShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of College Tuition1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe cost of co llege tuition is increasing exponentially ever year. Students have to pay for a number of things besides the tuition for inference books, dorms, fees, tutor, etc on top of their everyday living expenses. At this rate college tuition will be far beyond the reach for the average person. The inflation raises numerous of questions. If the recession is not getting better why do schools continue to increase tuition? What can be done so that the college tuition won’t be so far out of reachRead MoreThe Cost Of College Tuition925 Words   |  4 PagesCost of College Tuition College tuition is very expensive and many people are unable to attend due to the overall cost of tuition, books, room and board. The high price of a college education is unfair to the bright students who have limited resources. These students are at a disadvantage because of lack of funds. The United States should find a way to provide free tuition to all students who want an education. In our lives today, not everyone can financially afford to attend a four year universityRead MoreRaising The Cost Of College Tuition1460 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasing College Tuition By: Amanda Beisner Specific Purpose Statement: To encourage my audience to consider multiple perspectives by providing my audience with information on the arguments for and against raising the cost of college tuition. Thesis: Thousands of colleges across the country have steadily increased tuition throughout the years and Colorado State University is no different. Today I will share with you both the perspective of those that believe tuition increases are necessary andRead MoreCollege Tuition : Costly College Costs1771 Words   |  8 PagesCostly College Costs College tuition is an expensive entity to pay for and not many people have the luxury of having college being completely paid for, however, so many people that have previous experience like teachers, counselors, and parents, want students to pursue this expensive entity so their future is brighter. Why is being a college student becoming a luxury that fewer people can afford and attend to? Factors like the actual cost for college tuition, costs for higher education, the workingRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition976 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, the soaring cost of college tuition has angered many students and parents, leaving many wondering where they will come up with the funds to pay. While college is still a pretty sound investment for most career paths, the cost of an education has outpaced general inflation by almost double, leaving many families simply unable to shoulder the fiscal burden without incurring large amounts of debt. How did we get to where we are today? A big part of it has to do with how colleges themselves haveRead MoreIncreasing Tuition Costs For College1624 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Increasing Tuition Costs College degrees are becoming ever more a standard in my industries, just to get into the door with certain companies. Even when degrees might not be required to get a decent job, marketing can take over and make you think that you need to get a college degree or you won’t land that dream job. Brill states that on the average, we are continually reminded, the earnings of college graduates are substantially higher than those who have obtained no more than a high schoolRead MoreCollege Tuition Cost On A Rise Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesCollege Tuition Cost on a Rise The rising cost of education in Texas colleges started in 2003 when the deregulation was lifted. Then, soon after, the Texas State legislature cut the education budget because of a drop in the economy in 2008. The cut in funding and the removal of the deregulation law allowed colleges across Texas a way to recoup lost resources by raising the cost of tuition. The raising cost of tuition has limited the amount of attending students from graduating in the expected timeRead MoreThe Cost of College Tuition Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesFinal The Cost of College Tuition The cost of college is very high compared to how the economy has been and how wages and financial aid have not risen with the cost of tuition. This makes it harder for students to graduate and brings a lot of stress to their lives. Without the funding that is needed many students drop out or take a longer time finishing their degree. Going to college is stressful enough without the need to worry about how you’re going to pay for it and what other costs will continueRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition855 Words   |  4 Pagesrising cost of education and living. The cost of college tuition makes it even harder for them to achieve financial assistance. The amount of student loans debt in America is roughly around one point eight trillion dollars. Factors like the minimum wage also make it harder for young adults to be able to sustain themselves and go to school, because if they cannot pay for school then they are not going to attend school. Employment earnings are also discouraging students from attending college. In theRead MoreRising Cost Of College Tuition2509 Words   |  11 PagesPower, Privilege Rising Cost of College Tuition in the U.S The increasing cost of higher education in the United States has been a continuing topic for debate in recent decades. American society emphasizes the importance of education after high school, yet the cost of higher education and advanced degrees continually rises at a greater rate than inflation in the 1970’s. According to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, cost factors prevent 48% of college-qualified high school graduates

Leaders Are Born Not Made Free Essays

Story by John Mulder. (Steven Lewis) accepts the facts that it is true there are born leaders and also attribute the qualities to be good communication, intelligence and winsomeness. But he also argues that there are men and women that became leaders not because they were born to be, but because they were called to lead. We will write a custom essay sample on Leaders Are Born Not Made or any similar topic only for you Order Now He says also that the vitality of an organization and community rest on the largely measured form of identifying and nurturing and even training for leadership. A mythology example of leadership in America who are born not made in life’s of churches says (Stephen Lewis), National Director of Calling Education in Atlanta, Georgia. â€Å"They think it’s between you and God, and only after you receive your personal call does a congregation become involved. What we want to do is to help congregations see that its part of their own calling to raise up a new generation of Leaders. We want them to recognize themselves as communities of call†. (Rev. Lewis) this initiative is to create an infrastructural of callings and awakening the imaginations of people to recognize their own callings amongst congregations, church judicatories and church related organizations. (Rev. Lewis) reflects on his story of how he became a priest. His entry was delayed after years of obtaining a degree in business school at university of North Carolina at Charlotte and worked in the financial Institutions â€Å"Though he recognized the deep calling the whole time† he said. Furthermore, he recalls before entering the church he was allowed to put up his paintings, and what he also remembered vividly was (Mrs. Mary Pearson), telling him that â€Å"God has his hands on you†. (Rev. Lewis) emphasis that it was not only one person, but the whole community was aware of his calling. He was also encouraged by the community and to him; it had just seemed that the freedom, openness and depth had made that difference. However the need for Calling Congregation Initiative is urgent as many denominations of national offices of vocation in the 1950’s-1960 were abolished stated, (Rev. Lewis). This easily increased the need for nurturing future leaders and identifying them. Most importantly, (Rev. Lewis), the Calling Congregations Initiative found three crucial methods to develop the vocation care movement: Relationships amongst persons in a vocation This is when a community is able to care for its own and that means they must have being able to explore their own vocation†, (Rev. Lewis) Sense of vocation with communities (Rev. Lewis) states that â€Å"We have to help people get beyond the notion of a call as individual thing. It only happens when one person is bounded to another†. Vocation Stories (Rev. Lewis) also emphasis â€Å" Only by telling your own story do you discover your own vocation, and only by narrating it can you inspire others and awaken them to the fact that they too may have a call†. Thus (Rev. Lewis) tells a story of people in the Calling Congregations Initiative is increasingly moving. Citing an example of a pastor with a large congregation in United Methodist church that preaches about ‘calling†. He planned to issue an altar call on the last Sunday and congregations were alerted. That day came and the turn over was immensely profounding with an attendance of 467 worshipers and 33 women and men came forward. â€Å"If we create the space for calling, if we really ask the deepest questions about life and it’s meaning†, Rev. Lewis says, â€Å"We will be amazed at how many people we would find. They will say ‘My life matters’. ’ My congregation matters’. We would find a robust group of people who will come forward†. He says†This program is a contradiction of that narrative of decline, which comes out of a theology of scarcity. We need to realize that we’ve inherited a theology of abundance. What we’re doing is both a contradiction of and a protest against decline. † Finally (Rev. Lewis) also adds â€Å"We do want to change the world. We do believe the churches are shapers of culture. We can do that and we have done that. We need to start living out of that abundance. † And, he says, â€Å"We know that we can successfully create the connections to build and nurture an ecology in which people can hear God’s call. † Rev. Stephen Lewis can be reached at slewis@thefund. org, or at 404. 727. 411, or at the Fund for Theological Education, 825 Houston Mill Road, Suite 250, Atlanta, GA 30329. Reference: John Mulder â€Å"Leaders are born not made: wrong! † http://www. resourcingchristianity. org/ ,http://www. resourcingchristianity. org/sites/default/files/transcripts/interv iew/StephenLewis_Leaders_are_born_Interview. pdf ,p1-7. Story by Joanne Graf. Joanne talks abo ut various MYTHS of Leadership in management. Any company that is thinking forward recognizes that for them to achieve their objectives, they need to continue to thrive, grow and achieve their success, which is in the leaders’ hands. An example of one of the three MYTHS is to empower and develop leaders of various levels in their organizations. It is commonly observed that people either â€Å"have what it takes â€Å"to be a leader or don’t â€Å". In addition the justification of the existence about whether organizations needs to search for the â€Å"right people† also the â€Å"right character† about the need to succeed ,this view undercuts it (Joanne). Another interpretation can be that anyone could be an effective leader if people can challenge their selves and other towards pointing a future for a new leadership and not considering previous generated challenges. People do not need to be rulers for them to be leaders, such instances of limitation are no longer in existence. But rather, people now gain confidence and power to pull through various circumstances or experience by stepping forward as leaders. Leadership could simply be an ordinary individual with the drive and ambition to necessarily deliver utmost action on anything they are doing or want to accomplish. Also when people who show their commitment and are willing to relentlessly achieve what they are doing, they become unstoppable. MYTH 2. Scarce Effective Leadership. When people people believe that leadership is scarce, they constantly struggle to find a sufficient supply of capable leaders. As real as it may seem, but companies have now transformed to taking the opposite views. This has made company discover that they can empower leadership around the various departments in the company. In this context there is no model to shortage of leadership rather it is what will unleash the untapped energy, commitment and creativity. Almost all organizations do not make use of the potential that their people can provide. But by shifting the perspective from scarcity to abundance, there is greater ownership, productivity and growth. Another access to building leadership culture is having leaders take responsibility for developing leadership in others throughout the company. This can be developed if leaders share their experience and coach to others in the company, so that leaders can emerge in an environment that fosters leadership (Joanne Graf). MYTH 3. Real Leaders are effective because of what they know. People think about the world around them in two ways. One is through what they already know, based on past, which includes experience and expertise. The other is through what they don’t know, they seek to find. When seeking break through a leader must challenge what his known and inquire into what is possible beyond that. From what is possible a leader can engage with others to invent how to achieve something new (Joanne Graf). Reference: Joanne Graf â€Å"Management† ,†Leaders are born not made and other popular myths†. ttp://www. spe. org/jpt/print/archives/2004/04/JPT2004_04_management. pdf John Adair: (John Adair) encompassed leadership by helping to change perception of management which includes communication, time management and decision making. He also developed the Action Centered Leadership model. He also says though leadership is different from management, but a good leadership will posses manag ement skill. Adair states leadership in three terms of overlapping circles which are represented by team, task and individual. For a team to work together, they must have in common these three needs: 1. Need to achieve the task 2. Need to be able to manage a groups or team 3. Need for managing persons or individual Also elements found in management like administration and managing resource are not relevant to leadership. But on the other hand, leadership element are also not found in management like committing and inspiring others through owns’ enthusiasm in a task. [pic] Reference: John Adair (2009)†. â€Å"Action centered leadership â€Å". http://www. earn-to-be-a-leader. com/john-adair. html Story by Allen J. Huth He admits that leaders and managers are interchangeable. He also defines leadership in one word as â€Å"followers. † Leadership does not have a position in an organization. In addition a manager can be authoritative to subordinate because of the right and power he has to get a job done. But a leader is not because he cannot impose his vision on the followers. The follower can either choose to follow or walk away. In an organization, hers are also informal leadership. It is the earned right to lead, positively or negatively by the followers. Reference: Allen J. Hult, 2001,†Born to lead or made to manage-We both need†. American Business Advisors,Inc. ,Englewood,Colorado. Conclusion For an individual to generate effective leadership actually depends on the size of challenge and result of the commitment involved. Leadership effectiveness is emerged from bold and drastic commitments, engaging people with challenges and giving people chance to move forward and contribute. How to cite Leaders Are Born Not Made, Essay examples

Making Chalk using Eggshells free essay sample

The chalk is a white porous sedimentary rock, a form of sedimentary rock composed of mineral calcite. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed belonging to the division of haptophytes. They function as a special calcium carbonate. In this investigatory project, we study the effectiveness of eggshells as an alternative ingredient in chalk production. The study is very efficient in these days because many people are in need of chalk. The components of chalk are so complex that it has the capacity to make other things beside chalk itself. We also noticed that the students and teachers consume many pieces of it, which is very expensive. So, we decided to make a chalk out of eggshells which is very affordable and can give an equal quality in the chalks that we buy in stores. 1 B. Statement of the Problem The main problem of the study is focused on the effectiveness of chicken eggshell as a substitute for chalk. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Chalk using Eggshells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The study aims to answer the following questions: 1) Will the eggshell be an effective substitute for chalk? 2) Are there any similarities between the composition of an eggshell and a chalk? 3) Does the flour and starch affect the effectiveness of eggshell as a substitute for chalk? C. Statement of the Hypotheses: 1) There is a significant difference between the eggshell chalk and the commercial chalk. 2) There is no significant difference between the eggshell chalk and the commercial chalk. 2 D. Significance of the Study The importance of this study is, it can give benefits, especially to the poor ones or those who can’t afford to manufacture chalk. The poor ones could also have their own business by simply following the instructions in making â€Å"eggshell chalk† and to save money. The purpose of this study is to try and discover other methods on how to make and provide cheaper chalk for the needs of people especially the teachers, who highly use commercial chalks to write on the boards for their lectures in school. It is also beneficial for the indigent, mountain people, public schools, and ordinary people because when they run out of chalk, they can apply their knowledge in making chalk by using the easy-to-find, cheap, and recyclable materials. 3 E. Scope and Limitations The Study is only limited and focused on the investigation of Chicken Eggshells (Gallus Domesticus) used as an alternative source for chalk production. We chose this study for further investigation if eggshells can be an effective source for chalk production. The Study will only observe the product’s effectiveness in terms of its durability, texture, whiteness and writing capabilities. The product is only focused on one function which is for use in writing in a chalkboard. 4 F. Definition of Terms: 1) Chalk- a soft, white, or gray fine-grained sedimentary rock originally formed under the sea. 2) Eggshell- the brittle protective covering of the egg of a bird, or other similar tough covering of the eggs of animals such as crocodiles and turtles. 3) Flour- a powder made by grinding the edible parts of cereal grains. 4) Calcium Carbonate- a white crystalline solid that is one of the most common natural substances found in chalk, limestones, marble, eggshells, and bones. 5) Pulverize- to crush or grind something into powder or dust. 6) Starch- a natural substance composed of chains of glucose units, made by plants and providing a major energy source for animals. The two main components of starch are amylase and amylopectin. 7) Effectiveness- the ability to do something well or achieve a desired result without wasted energy or effort. 5 8) Eggshell Chalk- a chalk made up of powdered eggshell mixed with either flour or starch. 9) Dissolve- to become absorbed in a liquid solution. 10) Indigent- extremely poor, lacking the necessities of life. 6 Chapter II- Review of Related Literature According to Ancient Egyptians, artificially incubated chicken eggs to propagate their food supply. (Ancient Egyptians, 1400 BCE) According to Aristotle, when he opened chicken eggs at various time points of incubation, he noted how the organism changed over time. Through his writing of Historia Animalium, he introduced some of the earliest studies of embryology based on his observations of the chicken in the egg. (Aristotle, 350 BCE) They used the chick to demonstrate tissue differentiation, disproving the widely held belief of the time that organisms are â€Å"preformed† in their adult version and only grow larger during development. (Ulisse Aldovandi, Volcher Cotier and William Harvey, 16th century) d) He found that rat tissues that could not grow in adult chickens survived in the developing chick. In an immunocompetent animal, like themature chicken, the host immune cells attack the foreign tissue. e) They developed a new technique that used chicken eggs to propogate a pox virus. The chick was used to isolate the mumps virus for vaccine development and it is still used to culture some viruses and parasites. (Ernest Goodpasture and Alice Woodruff, 1931)