Making Chalk using Eggshells free essay sample

The chalk is a white porous sedimentary rock, a form of sedimentary rock composed of mineral calcite. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed belonging to the division of haptophytes. They function as a special calcium carbonate. In this investigatory project, we study the effectiveness of eggshells as an alternative ingredient in chalk production. The study is very efficient in these days because many people are in need of chalk. The components of chalk are so complex that it has the capacity to make other things beside chalk itself. We also noticed that the students and teachers consume many pieces of it, which is very expensive. So, we decided to make a chalk out of eggshells which is very affordable and can give an equal quality in the chalks that we buy in stores. 1 B. Statement of the Problem The main problem of the study is focused on the effectiveness of chicken eggshell as a substitute for chalk. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Chalk using Eggshells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The study aims to answer the following questions: 1) Will the eggshell be an effective substitute for chalk? 2) Are there any similarities between the composition of an eggshell and a chalk? 3) Does the flour and starch affect the effectiveness of eggshell as a substitute for chalk? C. Statement of the Hypotheses: 1) There is a significant difference between the eggshell chalk and the commercial chalk. 2) There is no significant difference between the eggshell chalk and the commercial chalk. 2 D. Significance of the Study The importance of this study is, it can give benefits, especially to the poor ones or those who can’t afford to manufacture chalk. The poor ones could also have their own business by simply following the instructions in making â€Å"eggshell chalk† and to save money. The purpose of this study is to try and discover other methods on how to make and provide cheaper chalk for the needs of people especially the teachers, who highly use commercial chalks to write on the boards for their lectures in school. It is also beneficial for the indigent, mountain people, public schools, and ordinary people because when they run out of chalk, they can apply their knowledge in making chalk by using the easy-to-find, cheap, and recyclable materials. 3 E. Scope and Limitations The Study is only limited and focused on the investigation of Chicken Eggshells (Gallus Domesticus) used as an alternative source for chalk production. We chose this study for further investigation if eggshells can be an effective source for chalk production. The Study will only observe the product’s effectiveness in terms of its durability, texture, whiteness and writing capabilities. The product is only focused on one function which is for use in writing in a chalkboard. 4 F. Definition of Terms: 1) Chalk- a soft, white, or gray fine-grained sedimentary rock originally formed under the sea. 2) Eggshell- the brittle protective covering of the egg of a bird, or other similar tough covering of the eggs of animals such as crocodiles and turtles. 3) Flour- a powder made by grinding the edible parts of cereal grains. 4) Calcium Carbonate- a white crystalline solid that is one of the most common natural substances found in chalk, limestones, marble, eggshells, and bones. 5) Pulverize- to crush or grind something into powder or dust. 6) Starch- a natural substance composed of chains of glucose units, made by plants and providing a major energy source for animals. The two main components of starch are amylase and amylopectin. 7) Effectiveness- the ability to do something well or achieve a desired result without wasted energy or effort. 5 8) Eggshell Chalk- a chalk made up of powdered eggshell mixed with either flour or starch. 9) Dissolve- to become absorbed in a liquid solution. 10) Indigent- extremely poor, lacking the necessities of life. 6 Chapter II- Review of Related Literature According to Ancient Egyptians, artificially incubated chicken eggs to propagate their food supply. (Ancient Egyptians, 1400 BCE) According to Aristotle, when he opened chicken eggs at various time points of incubation, he noted how the organism changed over time. Through his writing of Historia Animalium, he introduced some of the earliest studies of embryology based on his observations of the chicken in the egg. (Aristotle, 350 BCE) They used the chick to demonstrate tissue differentiation, disproving the widely held belief of the time that organisms are â€Å"preformed† in their adult version and only grow larger during development. (Ulisse Aldovandi, Volcher Cotier and William Harvey, 16th century) d) He found that rat tissues that could not grow in adult chickens survived in the developing chick. In an immunocompetent animal, like themature chicken, the host immune cells attack the foreign tissue. e) They developed a new technique that used chicken eggs to propogate a pox virus. The chick was used to isolate the mumps virus for vaccine development and it is still used to culture some viruses and parasites. (Ernest Goodpasture and Alice Woodruff, 1931)